Both saw him at the time as a reliable strongman who could end Libya’s chaos, and they’re opposed to some of Sarraj’s Islamist allies, including the Muslim Brotherhood, which defines itself as non-violent but is considered subversive by some Middle Eastern governments. It also rounded up a number of the country’s citizens living in Libya’s east, only to release them after Ankara signaled reprisals.The LNA left behind a trove of weapons at Gharyan underlining the extent to which the war has become a regional conflict.
The U.A.E. The UN negotiated a temporary truce over this month’s Muslim Eid al-Adha holidays, and a grouping of countries that includes the U.S. called for a more lasting ceasefire and talks. In late May, the U.S. military’s Africa Command said Russia had sent at least 14 jet fighters to eastern Libya to support Haftar, in its most overt intervention yet. The LNA responded by threatening to target the Turkish planes. When the Sun Sets in Libya, Two U.S. government didn’t respond to requests for comment.
Libya remained a major hub for refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants on their way to Europe. He ordered the advance anyway while UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres was in Libya to prepare for a national reconciliation conference.An adviser to Haftar, who holds sway over most of Libya’s oil fields, said the general decided to go ahead with the offensive because he didn’t believe Sarraj’s Tripoli government would honor a power-sharing agreement they’d been negotiating.Taking Tripoli would place him in a better position to control the country’s financial levers, especially the central bank and the National Oil Corp., which Haftar admits has As his forces remain bogged down at the capital’s gates, with rising casualties and little else to show for the offensive, Haftar may even find his grasp over the east weakening -- an alarming prospect for his allies, and the U.S.Washington wants “the LNA at maximum humiliated but not destroyed, because the reality is they want some form of military actor to have a monopoly on violence or some form of control over the eastern region,” said Emad Badi, a non-resident fellow with the Middle East Institute.Haftar’s biggest setback came in late June.
It backs governments and groups across the Middle East that are anathema to Egypt and the U.A.E., both of which have set out to quash political Islam.Three Turkish government officials as well as executives at Bayraktar, the drone-maker, refused to comment on allegations of arms shipments to Libya.
The UN, U.S. and other powers had hoped to stave off a Tripoli offensive by negotiating a political agreement between the two factions.
By September, however, Russia shifted to flat-out support for Haftar despite its misgivings about a figure who had connections with the CIA during a 20-year stay in the U.S. More than 1,000 mercenaries with the Wagner group, headed by a confidante of Russian President Vladimir Putin, are assisting Haftar.
Haftar’s supporters shut down production in January, costing the Tripoli-based central bank billions of dollars in lost revenues.
They complained that oil revenues were distributed unfairly, to the disadvantage of the historically marginalized east. It wants to eventually resume work on Libyan construction contracts worth about $18 billion and bolster its strategic clout in the Mediterranean amid a rush to claim offshore oil and gas fields, Turkish officials said But Turkey, ruled by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s Islamist-rooted AK party, also has a political agenda.
Both sides increasingly rely on foreign patrons.Though the UAE and Egypt initially had misgivings about an offensive they predicted would turn into a quagmire, they supported Haftar. He’d built a forward operations base at Gharyan, 100 kilometers (60 miles) south of Tripoli, which was thought to be impregnable. Global powers impatient as proxy war settles into stalemate
The Russian involvement has prompted it to press more forcefully for a peace deal.Libya sits on top of Africa’s largest oil reserves.
Since the 2011 NATO-backed revolt in Libya that ended 42 years of rule by strongman Muammar Qaddafi, the oil-rich North African country has been in perpetual turmoil. signed on.Egypt has also endorsed a ceasefire, but along lines more favorable to its allies in the east.
Yet from his eastern stronghold he helped secure Libya’s frontier with Egypt after routing jihadists who’d overrun several cities and carried out cross-border attacks.While Haftar controls Libya’s preeminent military force, many supporters foresaw he’d struggle to take Tripoli. Until January, output had stabilized at more than 1 million barrels a day, still well-below the 1.6 million barrels a day produced prior to the 2011 uprising.
Its allies dealt Haftar’s forces a series of defeats culminating in the takeover of his last strongholds near the capital by the first week of June. Allies Get Down to War By .
The European Union’s Operation Sophia, originally intended to intercept human trafficking across the Mediterranean and later extended to include the weapons ban, has little chance of intercepting arms shipments.Ankara’s involvement in the war is partly fueled by commercial interests. Haftar’s advisers said they didn’t trust Sarraj to abide by a power-sharing deal that would lead to elections, and accused him of being beholden to militias and extremists. Egypt, France, and the U.S. tried to dissuade him, according to diplomats with direct knowledge of events. Permanent representatives of the Arab League take part in an emergency meeting to discuss Turkey's plans to send troops to Libya, at the League's headquarters in Cairo, Dec. 31, 2019.
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