9 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> 1 0 obj For example, pipeline routes can be changed to avoid vulnerable areas; project design and construction can be specific to circumstances (such as trenchless river crossings); and habitat can be compensated for, if necessary. 2 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> <>>>/Type/XObject/Subtype/Form/BBox[0 0 595 842]/Matrix[1 0 0 1 0 0]/FormType 1>>stream
The scope of the project includes up to eight compressor station sites, eighteen construction camps, storage areas and access roads (1). endobj Pipelines are a means to transport petroleum products from source to consumer.
<>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> 8 0 obj 3.1 Environmental Effects of Pipeline Construction and Operation The construction, operation and decommissioning of a pipeline is associated with a number of environmental effects.
For example, what type of commodity is to be transported in the pipeline? 15 0 obj What risks are inherent in the route? The EIS describes and summarizes the environmental and social impacts of pipeline construction. 7 0 obj Possible environmental effects are compiled at the beginning of an environmental assessment in an environmental impact statement. %PDF-1.5 5 0 obj endobj <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>>
This gas gets trapped in our atmosphere, creating a “greenhouse effect” that warms the Earth over a l… In North America, two recent ruptures, one in July 2010 into the Kalamazoo River near Marshall, Michigan and another north of Peace River, Alberta in April 2011, released over 3,000 cubic metres (m³) and 4,000 m³ respectively of heavy crude.Older pipelines regulated by the NEB are clearly more vulnerable to rupture, the result of corrosion and fatigue, substandard older technology or difficulty in locating the pipeline because of older, incomplete records. One of the main opportunities for the public to voice their concerns or support for pipelines is during an environmental assessment of a pipeline project. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> Two recent pipeline proposals, the Keystone XL in the United States and the Northern Gateway in Canada, have received public attention largely because of concern for the environment. Environmental impacts of pipelines consist of two aspects: construction and operation, however, the construction period has a greater impact on the ecology of the affected area.
Choosing a pipeline route that avoids vulnerable areas is a key factor.Indirectly, pipelines are an important part of the infrastructure facilitating petroleum use around the globe. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> – This could impact the stream via increased sedimentation, changes in stream morphology, changes in stream flow and reductions during construction. Risks are also posed by a malfunction or accident or, in a worst case scenario, a rupture. 12 0 obj What is deemed acceptable is a value judgment, and so will always be a point of contention, particularly for those who use the land through which the pipeline passes, without gaining many, or any, of the benefits.The environmental risks of most concern to people, however, are not those associated with a functioning pipeline but with a rupture of a pipeline.
This may include, depending on the jurisdiction of the project, any change that the project may cause in the environment,In other jurisdictions, the definition of environmental effect is sometimes left to an administrator (British Columbia); at other times, it would explicitly include socio-economic factors (Ontario).An environmental effect may therefore be, depending on the project and jurisdiction, defined broadly to include the indirect effects of environmental change on socio-economic and cultural conditions, as well as on the use of lands by Aboriginal peoples.All pipelines will have some environmental effects. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> In the end, recovery will happen, but the cost and impact in the meantime can be significant. 14 0 obj 13 0 obj The potential contribution to global warming through burning oil from oil sands is relatively small, but is seen as symbolic of our fossil fuel dependence in general.Given our current dependence on petroleum products and the time and effort required to shift this dependence, most estimates suggest that we will be using them for decades to come.
A small spill in the wrong place can have a significant environmental impact. 4 0 obj The October 2014 Coastal GasLink Pipeline Project Assessment Report, prepared by the Environmental Assessment Office (EAO) of British Columbia, outlines the potential environmental impacts of the project. endobj endobj endobj However, for an environmental assessment, the risks examined are most often just those linked to the pipeline proposal itself. endobj 6 0 obj – Have these impacts been studied and quantified? The biggest way in which construction firms are doing this is by contributing to carbon dioxide emissions. The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association reports that its entire network transports three million barrels of oil every day, the equivalent of 5,000 rail cars.Trains are more expensive and come with a number of environmental concerns associated with their normal operation, such as engine emissions that are not generally associated with pipelines.The direct environmental risks of pipelines are relatively low. As a result, the necessary mitigation efforts are less well understood.The environmental impacts of pipelines cannot be avoided entirely, only reduced to acceptable levels. endobj ޕ_�{����s�n�|���f�x��0������~Z ��B��%,��rp��u`�08����Jd*����L#����D�w"�`�;8��GWw������'7�������j��*y���J�:�Skd��K���ze�Y��ˬ�����
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environmental impacts of pipeline construction