"Before your mother was taken ill, I saw her passing in the street. […]”During the curfew, 15,685 people were deported. Her mother starved to death in the Lodz ghetto, her father perished in Auschwitz.
About 230,000 Jews are buried here...In the late autumn of 1941, the so-called Gypsy camp was established bordered by what is today called Wojska Polskiego, Obroncow Westerplatte, Sikawska and Glowackiego streets...In December 1942, a camp for Polish children and youth (Polenjugendverwahrlager der Sicherheitspolizei in Litzmannstadt) was established in a separate area within the confines of the ghetto...This is one of the most important historical sites connected to the Lodz ghetto. Antisemitism was based on the fear of degeneration of the “German race.”From our current perspective, it’s not understandable why so many people believed in this Nazi propaganda.Many had to live in limited space.
Lodz, Poland was a flourishing industrial city in the mid-1800s with a successful textile sector and a mixture of Polish, German, Czech and Jewish inhabitants. The destinations of approximately 20,000 new arrivals were Auschwitz or Chelmno, a lesser known extermination camp. Mother's photograph never fails to revive a sense of her presence. In the hospital delivery room, when I called out in pain – "Mama, Mama" – it revived her lament. The lucky ones, like me, as they grow older, discover that they are shackled to the shadows of known and unknown people, dead or alive.During the flight to Poland, riding the clouds, I was hit by a kaleidoscopic flow of memories about my life in Lodz before the war. Last August, 65 years after the ghetto was liquidated, the film-maker returned for a reunion of its few survivorsMira Hamermesh with one of the cattle trucks used to transport Jews to the death camps, preserved as a memorialMira Hamermesh with one of the cattle trucks used to transport Jews to the death camps, preserved as a memorial came to England after the second world war as one of the scores of people who had managed to flee from the carnage brought against Europe's Jews. In our ghetto, people were not dying in the streets like in Warsaw. We watched in horror as flags with swastikas and portraits of Hitler appeared in the windows of their homes and shops.I was a bookish teenager with a passion for films, Latin and ice skating, filled with desire to see the unknown world. By then, they knew about the gas chambers in Auschwitz and Chelmno, the two death camps with direct rail links from the station built to serve the ghetto.
Mother blamed Father. The building was situated next to the ghetto border, not far from the huge factory complex established by the great Jewish industrialist, but located in the Aryan part of Lodz...Until September 1942, the Home for the Aged and the Homeless Shelter were located in this building. "Give me your children," he asked the starving Jews who had gathered to hear him speak. "Before your mother was taken ill, I saw her passing in the street. My nostrils still hunger for the scent of her perfume. My parents and other members of our family would have been among them.As well as the catastrophic conditions of hunger and typhus epidemic which began to wipe out the population, the Germans chose Lodz ghetto as a stopover station for Jews deported from major German and European cities, including Berlin, Luxembourg, Prague and Vienna. "Let me tell you something else," he added. Five hundred thousand residents thrived in the energetic climate generated by Lodz's economic, social, political and cultural spheres.
She broke down: "I'll never see you again!"
We were standing ready with backpacks, facing my tearful mother.
Look what a huge crowd we make. It shows a statuesque woman, well-dressed, with Polish features. I watched the German troops passing under our windows, greeted enthusiastically by local Germans. They were surprised to hear that at the end of August, I planned to go back to join a gathering of ghetto survivors to commemorate 65 years since the liquidation of the Lodz-Litzmannstadt ghetto. I had become obsessed with the idea of joining my sister in Palestine who, a year earlier, as a young Zionist, had persuaded our parents to let her study there.
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Lodz ghetto today