However, the virus was rarely fatal in children and was most deadly in pregnant women, the elderly, and those with pre-existing heart and lung disease. Weeks later, it hit Hong Kong. [6] Estimates of the number of deaths worldwide vary: The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 15% of its value in the second half of 1957. "Es wird schlimm werden." Warum damals die Todesrate so hoch war, ist nicht ganz klar. The rapid development of a vaccine against the H2N2 virus and the availability of antibiotics to treat secondary infections limited the spread and mortality of the pandemic. In the 1960s the human H2N2 strain underwent a series of minor genetic modifications, a process known as antigenic drift. [11] In the same year, as response to the epidemic, the Chinese government established the Chinese National Influenza Center (CNIC), which soon published a manual on influenza in 1958. In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland starben an der Asiatischen Grippe rund 30.000 Menschen. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In 1957 the nation had just been through a far more distracting epidemic with a resurgence of polio. The 1957–1958 Asian flu pandemic was a global pandemic of influenza A virus subtype H2N2 that originated in Guizhou in southern China. Analysis of the Scientific Evidence Base", "Global Mortality Impact of the 1957–1959 Influenza Pandemic", "1957 Flu Pandemic | Pandemic Influenza Storybook | CDC", "How to Think About the Plummeting Stock Market", "Debatte zur Herkunft der Asiatischen Grippe 1957", "An 'Asian flu' pandemic closed 17 Dublin schools in 1957", "Severe mortality impact of the 1957 influenza pandemic in Chile", "Mortality and transmissibility patterns of the 1957 influenza pandemic in Maricopa County, Arizona", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1957–1958_influenza_pandemic&oldid=1007381489, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, According to US CDC, about 70,000 to 116,000 people died in the, This page was last edited on 17 February 2021, at 21:00. The second wave, in January and February 1958, was more pronounced among elderly people and so was more fatal. Ce virus prend généralement la place de l’un des virus jusqu’alors responsables de grippes saisonnières participant aux épidémies hivernales et ce, jusqu’à la pandémie suivante. From there, the virus made its way to Hong Kong in April 1957, and in coastal cities in the United States in the summer of 1957. It killed approximately one to two million people worldwide, including about 70,000 in the United States. Such protection was unavailable in 1957 when an H2N2 virus that included genes from avian flu viruses emerged. [15], By June 1957, it reached the United States, where it initially caused few infections. [32], U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, "A slippery disease: a microbiologist's view", "Some observations on the evolution and new improvement of Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of influenza", "Pandemic Influenza Risk Management: WHO Interim Guidance", "History's deadliest pandemics, from ancient Rome to modern America", "1968 Pandemic (H3N2 virus) | Pandemic Influenza (Flu) | CDC", "LibGuides: Pandemics: Asian Flu (1956-1958)", "SYMPOSIUM ON THE ASIAN INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC, 1957", "History of influenza pandemics in China during the past century", "History lessons: the Asian Flu pandemic", "Three times that the world coughed, and Singapore caught the bug", "Revisiting the 1957 and 1968 influenza pandemics", "How America Brought the 1957 Influenza Pandemic to a Halt", "Asian Influenza Pandemic | History of Vaccines", "Pandemic flu virus from 1957 mistakenly sent to labs", "A year of terror and a century of reflection: perspectives on the great influenza pandemic of 1918–1919", "Coronavirus: action plan. Il y a 52 ans, le monde vivait sa première pandémie de l'ère moderne. Zudem ist die Letalität sehr hoch – schlechte Voraussetzungen für ein pandemisches Virus. In that case, America actually did practice social distancing, at least among kids. Auch die Lungenkrankheit, die durch SARS-CoV … He obtained samples of the virus from a US Navy doctor in Japan. Entsprechend den Leitlinien der WHO handelt es sich um ein pandemisches Virus, bis Juli 2010 wurden weltweit insgesamt ca. [19][21], The microbiologist Maurice Hilleman was alarmed by pictures of those affected by the virus in Hong Kong that were published in The New York Times. Der Name weist auf die enge Verwandtschaft zum SARS-Virus hin, das 2002/2003 eine Epidemie ausgelöst hatte. Numerous pandemics throughout human history were likely due to flu. [15] Many schools had to close in Ireland, including seventeen in Dublin. The 1957 flu outbreak was associated with variation in susceptibility and course of influenza illness. Da sich die Endung -demie auf Menschen bezieht, sind in der Veterinärmedizin auch die Bezeichnungen Seuchenzug und Panzootie (gr. [18] The vaccine was available in the same month in the United Kingdom. Eine Pandemie ist eine Krankheit, die sich schnell weiter verbreitet und ganz Landstriche, Länder und Kontinente erfasst. While the H2N2 strain disappeared from flu viruses circulating in humans in 1968, it has persisted in the world’s bird population. By December a total of some 3,550 deaths had been reported in England and Wales. By midsummer it had reached the United States, where it appears to have initially infected relatively few people. The 1957 outbreak was caused by a virus known as influenza A subtype H2N2. [20] The first wave peaked in October and affected mainly children who recently returned to school after summer break. Um die Ausbeute zu er Hong Kong Flu, 1968-69. Drosten: "Ja weil es ein pandemisches Virus ist. Die schwerste davon war die sogenannte Spanische Grippe 1918/19, die weltweit zwischen 20 und 50 Millionen Todesopfer forderte. It appeared in coastal … Updates? Almost all deaths related to current influenza epidemics occur among the elderly. View. 4 Mio und 1968 A/H3N2 ca. Pandemisches Virus. She joined Britannica in 2006 and... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Persons who were unaffected or only mildly affected likely possessed protective antibodies to other, closely related strains of influenza. 20-40 Mio; 1957 A/H3N2 ca. The 1957–1958 Asian flu pandemic was a global pandemic of influenza A virus subtype H2N2 that originated in Guizhou in southern China. Allein für Deutschland wären das 160 Millionen Impfdosen – die normale Produktionskapazität ergibt für Deutschland zwischen 20 und 30 Millionen Dosen. [3] However, one study found that the CFR was approximately 0.67%. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Wenn eine Seuche in mehreren Ländern oder weltweit auftritt, spricht der Virologe von einer Pandemie. The virus was eventually transferred to at least 18 people, causing six deaths and bringing about the slaughter of 1.6 million birds. Dienstag, 11. Such protection was unavailable in 1957 when an H2N2 virus that included genes from avian flu viruses emerged. The…. PANDEMIE-ALARMPHASEN. [22] Some predicted that the U.S. death toll would have reached 1 million without the vaccine that Hilleman called for. And that's interesting. Histories of the period hardly mention it whereas the early history of 2020 will talk primarily about the virus and the lockdowns. Wenn der Mitmensch zur „Bedrohung“ wird. Jahrhundert • 1918 „Spanische Grippe“ (A/H1N1): 20- 40 Millionen Tote (mehr Tote als im gesamten 1. The… influenza pandemic of 1918–19. 0 Kommentare. Oktober 2020 - *Joseph Canteloube *(1879 – 1957) Chants d’Auvergne: Bailero 2 tuntia sitten altruistico. Ihr fielen 1957 und 1958 weltweit Schätzungen zufolge eine bis zwei Millionen Menschen zum Opfer. After 10 years of evolution, the 1957 flu virus disappeared, having been replaced through antigenic shift by a new influenza A subtype, H3N2, which gave rise to the 1968 flu pandemic. Pandemisches im medizinhistorischen Rückblick . At that time the pandemic was also already widespread in the United Kingdom. This upsurge in cases was the result of a second pandemic wave of illness that struck the Northern Hemisphere in November 1957. Worldwide, from 1957-1958, about 2 million people died from Asian flu, with about 70,000 deaths in the United States. Corrections? Virus-Typen: A, B, C und D. Influenza-A-Viren spielen bei Mensch und Tier die grösste Rolle. Eine nicht so dramatische Seuchenausweitung, die nur ein räumlich und zeitlich begrenztes Gebiet befällt, wird als Epidemie bezeichnet.. Christian Drosten, Virologe Das habe es zum letzten Mal 1957 … "Praktisch niemand kann sich mehr ernsthaft daran erinnern." This is a list of the largest known epidemics and pandemics caused by an infectious disease.Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included. This study compared the age distribution of influenza-related deaths in the United States during this century's three influenza A pandemics … Weitere Namen finden Sie im Abschnitt Nomenklatur unten. 15 4 Pandemien im 20. The number of deaths caused by the 1957–1958 pandemic is estimated between one and four million worldwide, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in history. Sollte sich dieser Virus jedoch in ein unter Menschen voll übertragbares pandemisches Virus wandeln, wird er sich wahrscheinlich weltweit ausweiten und alle Bevölkerungsgruppen treffen. Hendra virus infected horses and people first in 1994. [18] In late June, the pandemic reached the United Kingdom. Eine Meldung aus China sorgt für Schlagzeilen: Dort breitet sich bei Schweinen ein neues Influenzavirus aus, das auch Menschen krank macht. Maurice Hilleman, a microbiologist at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Maryland, read about the outbreaks in The New York Times on April 17 of that year. However, mortality was greatest among the young during the 1918-1919 pandemic. Mal gegoogelt. Eine Pandemie kann nur entstehen, wenn sie von Mensch zu Mensch übertragbar ist. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that the virus was first reported in Singapore in February 1957, before spreading to Hong Kong in April and the U.S. in the summer . Sorge vor dem Virus: Ein Beamter misst bei einem Kunden eines Friseursalons in China die Temperatur. [6] It caused many infections in children, spread in schools, and led to many school closures. Between 19 May 1957 and 8 February 1958 there were reported 4 451 758 cases, with 1098 deaths. Similar to the 1968 flu pandemic, the 1957 outbreak was associated with variation in susceptibility and course of illness. Asian influenza appears to have reached India via Madras in May 1957. : 1918 A/H1N1 mind. Influenza pandemic of 1918–19, the most severe influenza outbreak of the 20th century and, in terms of total numbers of deaths, among the most … [23], H2N2 influenza virus continued to be transmitted until 1968, when it transformed via antigenic shift into influenza A virus subtype H3N2, the cause of the 1968 influenza pandemic. The 1957 flu pandemic was the second major influenza pandemic to occur in the 20th century; it followed the influenza pandemic of 1918–19 and preceded the 1968 flu pandemic. Pandemisches im medizinhistorischen Rückblick. The World Health Organization estimated the case fatality rate (CFR) of Asian flu to be lower than 0.2%. The 1957 flu pandemic caused an estimated one million to two million deaths worldwide and is generally considered to have been the least severe of the three influenza pandemics of the 20th century. Federal health officials estimate the 1957-58 pandemic killed 1 to 2 million people worldwide. Das habe es zum letzten Mal 1957 und 1968 gegeben. [25] It could cause pneumonia by itself without the presence of secondary bacterial infection. Research has indicated that this virus was a reassortant (mixed species) strain, originating from strains of avian influenza and human influenza viruses. 1960 27-02-2020, … Jh. Experten weltweit stimmen darin überein, dass das Auftreten einer erneuten Influenza-Pandemie nur eine Frage der Zeit ist. [1][2][3] The number of deaths caused by the 1957–1958 pandemic is estimated between one and four million worldwide, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in history. Das Coronavirus verändert die Beziehungen zwischen Menschen und Staaten.Die unsichtbare Gefahr setzt – auch irrationale – Ängste frei. Several months later, however, numerous cases of infection were reported, especially in young children, the elderly, and pregnant women. The virus (H3N2) reached the United States in September 1968 and peaked in the winter months. Hier finden Sie Informationen zu dem Thema „Sorge vor dem Coronavirus“. [19][24], The strain of virus that caused the Asian flu pandemic, influenza A virus subtype H2N2, was a recombination of avian influenza (probably from geese) and human influenza viruses. …20th-century influenza pandemics: the 1957 Asian flu pandemic and the 1968 Hong Kong flu pandemic. 1957 flu pandemic, also called Asian flu pandemic of 1957 or Asian flu of 1957, outbreak of influenza that was first identified in February 1957 in East Asia and that subsequently spread to countries worldwide. Sorge vor dem Coronavirus: Der Mitmensch als Krankheitsträger - ein Virus weckt Ängste. Zwischen 1957 und 1968 zirkulierten H2N2-Stämme und ältere serologische Arbeiten sprechen für eine Zirkulation eines ähnlichen Virus in den Jahren 1889/90 bis 1900 und von H3N8-Viren in der Zeit von 1900 bis 1918 [25, 26]. Passengers from the s.s. Rajula, allowed to disembark on 21 May at Madras, arrived at Madurai and provided the starting-point of the outbreakin that city in week21. Allein im letzten Jahrhundert traten drei große Pandemien auf: 1968 und 1957 starben etwa eine Million Menschen; die spanische Grippe im Jahr 1918 führte sogar zu einer geschätzten Zahl von 20 bis 50 Millionen Toten. Das erste Auftreten eines … [11][14], On 17 April 1957, The Times reported that "an influenza epidemic has affected thousands of Hong Kong residents". This H2N2 virus was comprised of three different genes from an H2N2 virus that originated from an avian influenza A virus, including the H2 hemagglutinin and the N2 neuraminidase genes. Christian Drosten, Virologe und Institutsdirektor von der Berliner Charité, wehrt sich bei «Maybrit Illner» gegen «aufgeregte Debatten», hebt aber auch hervor: «Es geht nicht um eine normale saisonale Grippe, dieser Vergleich hinkt, sondern es geht um ein pandemisches Geschehen.» Das habe es zum letzten Mal 1957 und 1968 gegeben. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A guide to what you can expect across the UK", "Overarching Government Strategy to Respond to Pandemic Influenza. Die sogenannte Asiatische Grippe. https://www.britannica.com/event/1957-flu-pandemic, National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Analyses of the 1957 (Asian) influenza pandemic in the United Kingdom and the impact of school closures. North America, northern South America, and Europe experienced widespread Asian strain influenza epicemics before the month of September was over. The year was 1957 and the disease was the Asian flu in what some called the H2N2 pandemic. Es geht nicht um eine normale saisonale Grippe, dieser Vergleich hinkt, sondern es geht um ein pandemisches Geschehen. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1957-1958 Pandemic (H2N2 virus) In February 1957, a new influenza A (H2N2) virus emerged in East Asia, triggering a pandemic (“Asian Flu”). The virus that caused the 1957 pandemic, which lasted until about the middle of 1958, was also responsible for a series of epidemics that emerged annually until 1968, when the Hong Kong flu appeared. [30] In the United Kingdom, the government paid out £10,000,000 in sickness benefit, and some factories and mines had to close. Revisiting 1957-1958 influenza pandemic may provide clues to combating H1N1 Similarities between Asian influenza (H2N2) and H1N1 pandemics may exist. Jahrhundert gab es drei Influenzapandemien: 1918, 1957 und 1968. Whereas some infected individuals experienced only minor symptoms, such as cough and mild fever, others experienced life-threatening complications such as pneumonia. Gesundheitsökonom Boris Augurzky hat bereits mögliche Auswirkungen einer Influenza-Pandemie in Deutschland ausgerechnet: Bei 300.000 Kranken und knapp 100.000 Toten ergäbe sich ein … The disease was first reported in late February, 1957, in China. So hat unter Journalisten die Medizingeschichte Konjunktur. Vermutlich spielten mehrere Faktoren eine Rolle. Show abstract. (In 1957, the A/H1N1 virus was replaced by the new A/H2N2 viruses). [6][19] As it was a novel strain of the virus, the population had minimal immunity.[6][15]. Damit ein pandemisches Virus entstehen kann, muss allerdings der Druck aufgrund hoher Viruslast, etwa durch eine starke Vogelgrippewelle, vorhanden sein. An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time. [15] Although it was initially available only in limited quantities,[21][15] its rapid deployment helped contain the pandemic. 1930 [Illustration of a test tube] First isolation of influenza, proving that flu is caused by a virus not a bacterium. Jh: neues pandemisches Virus Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 breitete sich global aus und verursacht während den ersten 12 Monaten an die 300'000 Todesfälle - obschon die WHO die Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemie im Aug 2010 für beendet erklärt, kommt es von 2010-2011 noch zu weiteren Ausbrüchen mit dem … So wurden etwa die grossen Grippe-Pandemien von 1957 (Asiatische Grippe) und 1968 (Hongkong-Grippe) durch Influenza-A-Viren ausgelöst. The Spanish Influenza claimed the lives of at least … Continuous learning. C’est ainsi que le virus A(H1N1), responsable de la pandémie de 1918, a circulé chez l’Homme jusqu’en 1957-1958, quand il a été remplacé par le virus A(H2N2) lors de la grippe asiatique. The first influenza pandemic of the twentieth century, in 1918– 19, killed between 20 and 100 million people worldwide and about 675,000 in the United States; the third, in 1968, killed about 700,000 people worldwide and 34,000 in the United States. The second wave was particularly devastating, and by March 1958 an estimated 69,800 deaths had occurred in the United States. Ein Beispiel für eine Antigenshift durch einen neuen Subtyp stellt das Auftreten des Subtyps A(H2N2) im Jahr 1957 dar, das den bis dahin zirkulierenden Subtyp A(H1N1) ablöste und zu einer Pandemie führte. Dafür ist eine genetische Mutation des Virus erforderlich. Nipah virus first recorded in pigs and humans in 1998. Als Pandemie H1N1 2009/10 (oder Schweinegrippe, Neue Grippe, Amerikagrippe, Mexikanische Grippe) wurde das globale Auftreten von Influenza-Erkrankungen bezeichnet, die durch eine im Jahr 2009 entdeckte Influenzavirus-Variante des Subtyps A(H1N1) (A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) und weiteren mit diesem genetisch eng verwandten Subvarianten) hervorgerufen wurde. Nachdem ein pandemisches Virus in der menschlichen Bevölkerung zirkuliert, entwickelt es sich durch Antigen-drift weiter. [19] Hilleman's vaccine is believed to have saved hundreds of thousands of lives. View Show abstract H2N2 no longer circulates in humans but is carried by animals. Though many of us lived through the flu pandemics of 1957 and 1968, almost nobody can dredge up personal memories of those times. [3][4] A decade later, a reassorted viral strain H3N2 further caused the Hong Kong flu pandemic (1968-1969). [20], The number of deaths peaked the week ending 17 October, with 600 reported in England and Wales. In the months that followed, the outbreak spread to Hong Kong and surrounding regions. Das Wort Pandemie (πανδημία) ist aus den griechischen Wörtern πᾶν (Transliteration pãn) alles und δῆμος dḗmos Volk abgeleitet Pandemie bezeichnet folglich etwas, das das ganze Volk trifft. Bis zu 80 Millionen Menschen fanden den Tod durch ein hochgefährliches Virus. The 1957 flu pandemic was caused by influenza H2N2 virus, to which few people had previous exposure. The 1957 flu outbreak caused an estimated one million to two million deaths worldwide and is generally considered to have been the least severe of the three influenza pandemics of the 20th century. 1957 flu pandemic, also called Asian flu pandemic of 1957 or Asian flu of 1957, outbreak of influenza that was first identified in February 1957 in East Asia and that subsequently spread to countries worldwide. 18.000 Todesfälle gemeldet. Confirmed flu pandemics include the devastating 1918 pandemic, as well as pandemics in 1957–58, 1969, and 2009. ζῷον zõon lebendes Wesen, Lebewesen, Tier) statt Pandemie und Epizootie (von altgriech. Insoweit ist der Pandemieplan für weitere Erreger u. a. für das neuartige Coronavirus COVID-19 oder auch zukünftige andere neuartige Viren anwendbar. Die Pandemie H1N1 / 09 - Virus ist ein Schwein Herkunft Influenza - A - Viren des Subtyps H1N1 - Stamm , der für die verantwortlich war 2009 Schweinegrippe - Pandemie .Diese Sorte wird von den öffentlichen Medien oft als Schweinegrippe bezeichnet. Aug 11 Verfasst von ... Uhr des Masernvirus dieses Kindes lässt Rechner das Virus mehr auf mehr als 500 Jahre vor Christus. “It didn’t let me down, the pandemic of 1957, it began on time,” Hilleman said in his interview years later. Corona verändert auch die Blickwinkel, den Berichterstattung und die Geschichtsschreibung. The pandemic of 1957-58 ultimately caused 1.1 million deaths worldwide, and it follows the 1918 crisis as the second-most severe influenza outbreak in … Um überhaupt gegen ein neues, pandemisches Virus eine ausreichende Schutzwirkung erzielen zu können, ist es notwendig, die Menschen zweimal zu impfen, wie man es von der Grundimmunisierung von kleinen Kindern kennt. eine Rolle. Die Theorie: Das Virus ist vermutlich ein Ergebnis erster Städte – und es gab noch sehr viel früher Epidemien, die Historiker aufgrund ihrer Beschreibung aber nicht den Masern zuordnen konnten. Omissions? A decade later, a reassorted viral strain H3N2 further caused the Hong Kong flu pandemic … It may have infected as many as or more people than the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, but the vaccine, improved health care, and the invention of antibiotics to manage opportunistic bacterial infections contributed to a lower mortality rate. Vor 100 Jahren wütete eine verheerende Influenza-Pandemie rund um den Erdball. That day, The New York Times reported on a large influenza outbreak in Hong Kong. Appelée la grippe asiatique, elle fit 2 à 3 millions de morts dans le monde, dont 100.000 en France. 2 Mio) - 21. [15] By the end of the month (or as early as February[13][16]), Singapore also experienced an outbreak of the new flu, which peaked in mid-May with 680 deaths, and Singapore was the first country to notify the World Health Organization about an extensive outbreak of the flu which "appeared to have been introduced from Hong Kong". Kara Rogers is the senior editor of biomedical sciences at Encyclopædia Britannica, where she oversees a range of content from medicine and genetics to microorganisms. August 2020 238 Aufrufe. Gesundheitswesen Geschichte der Medizin. Auch beim Vogelgrippevirus H5N1, das 2005/2006 für Aufregung sorgte, handelte es sich um ein Influenza-A-Virus. [9][17] In Taiwan, 100,000 were affected by mid-May, and India suffered a million cases by June. [11] The United States CDC, however, states that the flu was "first reported in Singapore in February 1957". Und das unterscheidet sie von der Epidemie. The 1957 flu pandemic was the second major influenza pandemic to occur in the 20th century; it followed the influenza pandemic of 1918–19 and preceded the 1968 flu pandemic. The H2N2 virus, which originated in birds, was first reported in Singapore in February 1957, then in Hong Kong in April 1957. Weltweit 1 bis 2 Millionen Opfer. Pandemic subsides, but virus (H1N1) continues to circulate seasonally for 38 years. Because of the timing of the appearance of these viruses, persons born before 1957 were likely to have been exposed to A/H1N1 viruses and to have developed immunity against A/H1N1 viruses. The virus that caused the 1957 pandemic, which lasted until about the middle of 1958, was also responsible for a series of epidemics that emerged annually until 1968, when the Hong Kong flu appeared.
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