Februar 1958, in dem es heißt: "Um in meine Heimat zurückkehren zu können, erkläre ich im eigenen Namen und im Namen meiner Gemahlin und meiner minderjährigen Kinder als österreichischer Staatsbürger, die derzeit in Österreich geltenden Gesetze anzuerkennen und mich als getreuer Bürger der Republik zu bekennen." It was not returned after the war. My Jesus, Thy will be done—Jesus.”. In a declaration dated 31 May 1961, Otto renounced all claims to the Austrian throne and proclaimed himself "a loyal citizen of the republic", "for purely practical reasons". [71] Murauer claimed that there was "another reality behind the mass of people who listened to Hitler on the Heldenplatz", meaning the "thousands in the resistance and thousands in prison waiting to be transported to Dachau" near Munich. … Such trust places a heavy burden on me. : Dem Andenken an Karls von Österreich Kaiser und König. Hansjakob Stehle "Die Spione aus dem Pfarrhaus (German: The spy from the rectory)" In: Die Zeit, 5 January 1996. Charles was banned from ever returning to Austria again, while Otto and other male members could return only if they renounced all claims to the throne and accepted the status of private citizens. ), austrijski nadvojvoda i čelnik kuće Habsburg.Bivši je prijestolonasljednik Austrije, Češke, Hrvatske (1916.-1918.) Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. During my long life, I did not make anyone happy, neither my friends, nor my family, nor even myself. And now this stands between me and God.”, “Never believe anything in politics until it has been offically denied.”, “We live in a wondrous time, in which the strong is weak because of his scruples and the weak grows strong because of his audacity.”, “Not by speeches and votes of the majority, are the great questions of the time decided — that was the error of 1848 and 1849 — but by iron and blood.”, “If there is ever another war in Europe, it will come out of some damned silly thing in the Balkans.”. The only thing you learn from history is that no one learns anything from history. As his father never abdicated, Otto was considered by himself, his family and Austro-Hungarian legitimists to be the rightful emperor-king from his father's death in 1922.[9]. However, he successfully convinced the U.S. to halt or limit the bombardment of Austrian cities, especially the capital, Vienna,[28] which were consequently delayed by high-ranking commanding personnel; bombardments on Vienna began later in the war, during 1943. Oliver Meidl: Monarch. Otto was involved in helping around 15,000 Austrians,[28] including thousands of Austrian Jews, flee the country at the beginning of the Second World War. At the end of the war, Otto returned to Europe and lived for several years in France and Spain. “Only a fool learns from his own mistakes. They are considered the most important person in history born with the first name of Otto. He was married to Regina von Sachsen. The leaders of the Austrian legitimist movement, i.e. His devout Catholic mother raised him according to the old curriculum of Austria-Hungary, preparing him to become a Catholic monarch. Their Zodiac sign is ♐ Sagittarius. A photograph of His Imperial Highness Otto von Habsburg-Lothringen (98), son and heir of the last Emperor-King of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Duke of Lorraine and King of Jerusalem, one of the original founders of the covert transnational intelligence group Le Cercle, and leading facilitator within the Imperial and Royal Dragon Court & Order (Rex Deus fraternity). "Ottos Anwalt verfassten Text vom 21. (September 2018) Kings of Hungary. [72], After the death of his wife, Regina, aged 85, in Pöcking on 3 February 2010, Otto stopped appearing in public. During his life in exile, he lived in Switzerland, Madeira, Spain, Belgium, France, the United States, and from 1954 until his death, finally in Bavaria (Germany), in the residence Villa Austria. The wedding was attended by his mother, Empress Zita. Oktober 1966 nach Österreich ein und besuchte in Innsbruck das Grab von Erzherzog Eugen. [67] Although his speech received an ovation,[68] this received public protest, media criticism and disapproval voiced by Austrian politicians. He died on July 4, 2011 in Pöcking, Bavaria, Germany. [58] He was a jury member of the Franz Werfel Human Rights Award. In 191 9 the new Republic of Austria had banished the Emperor … Otto has been described as one of the "architects of the European idea and of European integration" together with Robert Schuman, Konrad Adenauer, and Alcide De Gasperi.[13]. [73] Otto's coffin was draped with the Habsburg flag decorated with the imperial–royal coats of arms of Austria and Hungary in addition to the Habsburg family coat of arms. They demanded that I abstain from politics. These imperial resistance groups acted robustly against the Nazi state and were, however, also fought extremely strictly, also because Hitler bristled with hatred of the Habsburg family. [4][9] On 5 July, his body was laid in repose in the Church of St. Ulrich near his home in Pöcking, Bavaria, and a massive 13-day period of mourning started in several countries formerly part of Austria-Hungary. (Image Source: Imagno/Getty Images) "What I like about [Habsburg's plight]...is that it kind of reminds us that in the span of one life, everything can change. Süddeutsche Zeitung, 9 April 2008 (German), CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (, Tiroler Tageszeitung, 9 July 2011(German). During his time in the European Parliament, he was involved in a fracas with fellow MEP Ian Paisley, a unionist Protestant pastor from Northern Ireland. He was baptised Franz Joseph Otto Robert Maria Anton Karl Max Heinrich Sixtus Xavier Felix Renatus Ludwig Gaetan Pius Ignatius on 25 November 1912 at Villa Wartholz by the Prince-Archbishop of Vienna, Cardinal Franz Xaver Nagl. The eldest son of Charles I and IV, the last emperor of Austria and king of Hungary, and his wife, Zita of Bourbon-Parma, Otto was born as Franz Joseph Otto Robert Maria Anton Karl Max Heinrich Sixtus Xavier Felix Renatus Ludwig Gaetan Pius Ignatius von Habsburg, third in line to the thrones, as Archduke Otto of Austria, Royal Prince of Hungary, Bohemia, and Croatia. That of everyone present it was the Archduke who acted to defend the Pope ought to have been expected. Among them was Karl Burian, who was planning to blow up the Gestapo headquarters in Vienna, or Dr. Heinrich Maier, who very successfully passed on plans and production facilities for V-2 rockets, Tiger tanks or airplanes (Messerschmitt Bf 109, Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet, etc.) Otto von Habsburg was also quoted as saying that "a discussion as to whether Austria was an accomplice or a victim is an outrage". The Austrian administrative court found on 24 May 1963 that Otto's statement was sufficient to meet this requirement. [30] The family is known to have resided in Cascais during their exodus. He was married to Regina von Sachsen. Karl died in exile. [31] For his own safety, Otto left the European continent for the United States and lived from 1940 to 1944 in Washington, D.C. ", E. Feigl, Otto von Habsburg, Profil eines Lebens, 1992, Austria Presse Agentur with backing from ÖRF (press archive, 1955–1985) (German), Südtirol Online, 4 July 2011 "Was eigentlich ein Skandal war, nämlich die Diskussion hier in Österreich über die Frage, ob Österreich ein Mitschuldiger war oder ob es ein Opfer war. “ 21 October 1911 Wedding of Archduke Karl and Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma (later Emperor and Empress of Austria-Hungary) with Emperor Franz Joseph I. [60], In 2002, he was named the first-ever honorary member of the European People's Party group. Elisabeth Boeckl-Klamper, Thomas Mang, Wolfgang Neugebauer: Peter Broucek "Die österreichische Identität im Widerstand 1938–1945" (2008), p 163. He joined forces with a most unlikely partner, Archduke Otto von Habsburg, the oldest son of the last king of Hungary, to sponsor the Pan-European Picnic of August… Nov 5, 2017 - This board goes beyond Austria with the Habsburgs in the 21st century--in their international diaspora--showing through the funeral of Otto von Habsburg the last traces of monarchy dating back to the Middle Ages, but also showing new faces of the dynasty and reminding us that what we think is history (700 year old dynasties) is also current. [7][8] With his father's accession to the thrones in 1916, he was likely to become emperor and king. Later he was a strong supporter of the EU membership of central and eastern European countries. His godfather was the Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria (represented by Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria); his godmother was his grandmother Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal.[14]. Jg. November 1912 gebiert Erzherzogin Zita in der Villa Wartholz in Reichenau ihr erstes Kind, einen gesunden Knaben. Uneasy lies the Head that Wears a Crown. Welcome back. [2][26] As ordered by Adolf Hitler, his personal property and that of the House of Habsburg were confiscated. About 800,000 people were killed because of me on the battlefields., and their mothers, brothers, and widows cried for them. See more ideas about austria, karl, habsburg austria. At the time of his death in 2011, the couple had seven children, 22 grandchildren and two great-grandchildren:[74]. ", “man cannot control the current of events. They shook off their resignation when they realized that the revolution had raped their right to life and freedom. This should also revive the centuries-old Habsburg principles of "live and let live" with regard to ethnic groups, peoples, minorities, religions, cultures and languages. They died when they were 60 years old. Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the, Austro-Hungarian Empire abolished in 1918, Karl Ludwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Countess Amalie Henriette of Solms-Baruth, Austrian Imperial and Royal Order of the Golden Fleece, Imperial and Royal Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen, Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Royal Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation, Two Sicilian Royal Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George, Parmese Royal Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George, Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau, Royal Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa, Obedience of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, 2nd Class, Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques, Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas, Studium, Accademia di Casale e del Monferrato, Princess Maria Annunziata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, "Otto von Hapsburg, a Would-Be Monarch, Dies at 98", "Habsburg: Last heir to Austro-Hungarian empire dies", "Death of former 'kaiser in exile' and last heir to Austro-Hungarian throne", "Die beliebtesten Irrtümer zur Monarchie", "The Budapest Times – Hungary's leading English Language source for daily news", "Otto von Habsburg, heir to Austria's last emperor, dies at 98", "Habsburgs Erbe zerfiel und erlebte dennoch eine Renaissance", "Otto Hapsburg, eldest son of Austria's last emperor, dies at 98", "Otto von Habsburg's 96th birthday telescopes European history", "Habsburgs demand return of estates seized by Nazis in 1938", "Otto von Habsburg, oldest son of Austria-Hungary's last emperor, dies at age 98", http://www.heraldscotland.com/mobile/comment/obituaries/otto-von-habsburg-1.1110433, "Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1945, European Advisory Commission, Austria, Germany, Volume III – Office of the Historian", "Kathpress – Katholische Presseagentur Österreich", http://www.gedenkdienst.at/index.php?id=679, http://www.austria-lexikon.at/af/Wissenssammlungen/Biographien/Habsburg,_Otto, http://www.historisch.apa.at/cms/apa-historisch/dossier.html?dossierID=AHD_19580221_AHD0001, "Zemřel syn posledního rakouského císaře Otto von Habsburg – ČeskéNoviny.cz", "Otto von Habsburg who saw end of empire dead at 98", "Otto von Habsburg – first honorary member of the EPP-ED Group", http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/oesterreichs-anschluss-an-nazi-deutschland-habsburg-holt-opferthese-aus-der-mottenkiste-1.282308, http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/kz-kommandant-goeth-morden-bereichern-intrigieren-1.195309, http://www.focus.de/panorama/vermischtes/otto-von-habsburg-das-bewegte-leben-des-otto-von-europa_aid_642777.html, "70 Jahre AnschlussHabsburg plädiert für Opferrolle Österreichs", http://www.n-tv.de/politik/dossier/Oesterreich-arbeitet-auf-article255663.html, http://www.tt.com/csp/cms/sites/tt/Nachrichten/3029285-2/karl-habsburg-verteidigt-v%C3%A4terliche-aussage-%C3%BCber-opferrolle.csp, http://austriantimes.at/?c=1&id=4010-newentry, http://derstandard.at/1308680832243/Karl-Habsburg-verteidigt-revisionistische-Aussagen-seines-Vaters, "Thirteen days of commemoration for Otto von Habsburg begins", "Odluka kojom se odlikuju za izniman doprinos", "Chevaliers de la Toisón d'Or – Knights of the Golden Fleece", page with the Orders and Decorations of Crown Prince Otto, The Grand Master of the Order of Malta at the funeral of Otto von Habsburg, Erzherzog Dr. Otto von Habsburg (Autorisierte Ehrenseite), Video interview of Otto von Habsbourg (French), Archduke Otto von Habsburg, Crown Prince of Hungary, SAST REPORT, Uncrowned emperor: the life and times of Otto von Habsburg By Gordon Brook-Shepherd, Archduke Otto Von Habsburg and American Hungarian Emigres during and after World War II, by Steven Bela Vardy, Obituary of Archduke Otto * Otto von Habsburg, The Daily Telegraph, 4 July 2011, Official website covering the death and funeral of Otto von Habsburg, Newspaper clippings about Otto von Habsburg, Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, Casimir J. Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, Franz Ludwig Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otto_von_Habsburg&oldid=1011686178, Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968) alumni, Christian Social Union in Bavaria politicians, Grand Masters of the Order of the Golden Fleece, Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary, Recipients of the Order of the Iron Crown (Austria), Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st Class, Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Recipients of the Bavarian Order of Merit, Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary, Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (civil), Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Gregory the Great, Knights of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George, Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George, Bailiffs of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Recipients of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas, Commander's Crosses of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas, Recipients of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau, Knights of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau, Recipients of the Order of the House of Orange, Grand Crosses of the Order of the House of Orange, Recipients of Pakistani civil awards and decorations, Knights of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa, Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa, People educated at the Benedictine High School of Pannonhalma, People from Neunkirchen District, Austria, Winners of the Prix Broquette-Gonin (literature), Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with dead external links from November 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Andrea von Habsburg (born 30 May 1953), married Hereditary Count Karl Eugen, Monika von Habsburg (born 13 September 1954), married Luis María Gonzaga de Casanova-Cárdenas y Barón, Duke of Santangelo and Grandee of Spain (born 24 April 1950 in, Michaela von Habsburg (born 13 September 1954, twin of Monika), married firstly Eric Alba-Teran d'Antin (born 21 May 1920 in, 1990 – 4 July 2011: Archduke Otto von Habsburg, Sovereign Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the, Bailiff Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the, Medal of the Royal Moroccan Academy, Morocco. However, several elements in the country, particularly the Socialists, were ill-disposed to welcoming back the heir of the deposed dynasty. [46] It was only on 1 June 1966, after the People's Party won an outright majority in the national election, that Otto was issued an Austrian passport, and was finally able to visit his home country again on 31 October 1966 for the first time in 48 years. I would not have dreamed of complying. Otto von Habsburg went to his eternal reward in the summer of 2011, after a long lifetime of service to Europe. He obtained the support of Winston Churchill for a conservative "Danube Federation", in effect a restoration of Austria-Hungary, but Joseph Stalin put an end to these plans. [16] His mother made him learn many languages because she believed he one day might rule over many lands.[17][18]. History, as reflected in the life of Otto von Habsburg, is cyclical. Timothy Snyder "The Red Prince: The Secret Lives of a Habsburg Archduke" (2008); James Longo "Hitler and the Habsburgs: The Fuhrer's Vendetta Against the Austrian Royals" (2018); Bob Carruthers "Hitler's Violent Youth: How Trench Warfare and Street Fighting Moulded Hitler" (2015); Pieter M. Judson "The Habsburg Empire. [11] After the 1938 Anschluss, he was sentenced to death by the Nazis and fled Europe to the United States. As his father never abdicated, Otto was considered by himself, his family and Austro-Hungarian legitimists to be the rightful Emperor-King. [61], On the 2008 anniversary of the Anschluss,[62][63][64][65][66] Otto von Habsburg made a statement as part of his "1938 Remembrance Day" address before Parliament that "there is no country in Europe that has a better claim to be a victim of the Nazis than Austria". Otto was born at Villa Wartholz in Reichenau an der Rax, Austria-Hungary. For 1,200 years his family’s historical mission was to uphold the interests of the Faith temporally. Otto von Habsburg (punim imenom Nadvojvoda Franz Joseph Otto Robert Maria Anton Karl Max Heinrich Sixtus Xavier Felix Renatus Ludwig Gaetan Pius Ignatius Austrijski) (Beč, 20. studenog 1912.- Pöcking, 4. srpnja 2011. Archduke Otto von Hapsburg 1912-2011 The world has lost a great man with the passing of His Imperial Royal Highness Archduke Otto of Austria-Hungary. It is like being in a republic.”, “The secret of politics? I prefer to learn from the experience of others.”, “One day the great European War will come out of some damned foolish thing in the Balkans (1888).”, “People never lie so much as before an election, during a war, or after a hunt.”, “God has a special providence for fools, drunkards, and the United States of America.”, “Never believe anything in politics until it has been officially denied.”, “When you want to fool the world, tell the truth. Otto snatched Paisley's banner and, along with other MEPs, ejected him from the chamber. Otto was active on the Austrian and European political stage from the 1930s, both by promoting the cause of Habsburg restoration and as an early proponent of European integration—being thoroughly disgusted with nationalism—and a fierce opponent of Nazism and communism. The entire narrative, however, is a canard. A New History" (Harvard 2016); Christopher Clark "The Sleepwalkers" (New York 2012). Otto von Habsburg played a notable role in the revolutions of 1989, as a co-initiator of the Pan-European Picnic. [69] Social Democratic Party Defence Minister Norbert Darabos was quoted as saying that the remarks were "unacceptable", "a veritable democratic-political scandal" and that he had "insulted the victims of National Socialism". A greater obstacle, he wrote, was the opposition of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, which feared that their people might want to rejoin a recreated monarchy.[21]. They have remained silent as long as they were exhausted from the long fight, and taken by surprise by the audacity of the revolutionaries of 1918 and 1919. Otto and Regina von Habsburg with their children and grand children at thier golden wedding anniversary in Nancy on May 10, 2001 Born at the Villa Wartholz in Reichenau an der Rax (Lower Austria) on 20 November 1912, Otto was the first child of the designated heir to … Otto von Habsburg was born on November 20, 1912 in Reichenau an der Rax, Lower Austria, Austria-Hungary as Franz Joseph Otto Robert Maria Anton Karl Max Heinrich Sixtus Xaver Felix Renatus Ludwig Gaetan Pius Ignatius Erzherzog von Österreich. The inscription on the screen reads: 'The Habsburg legacy'. He became the pretender to the former thrones, head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleece[6] in 1922, upon the death of his father. [4] This event is considered a milestone in the collapse of Communist dictatorships in Europe. Otto spoke German, Hungarian, Croatian, English, Spanish, French and Latin fluently. [24] He lobbied for the recognition of an Austrian government-in-exile, for the rights of the German-speaking population of South Tyrol, against the deportation of the German-speaking inhabitants of Bohemia and eastern Europe, and against letting Stalin rule Eastern Europe.[39][40]. His thesis was on "the right, born of usage and of the peasant law of inheritance, of the indivisibility of rural land ownership in Austria". [70] Austrian People's Party military spokesman Walter Murauer defended Otto's statement at the time. He died at the age of 98 on Monday, 4 July 2011, at his home in Pöcking, Germany. [59] He also held Francisco Franco in a high regard and praised him for helping refugees, stating that he was "a dictator of the South American type, not totalitarian like Hitler or Stalin". He supported international intervention[10] and offered to return from exile to take over the reins of government to repel the Nazis. As a newly elected Member of the European Parliament in 1979, Otto had an empty chair set up for the countries on the other side of the Iron Curtain in the European Parliament, and took a strong interest in the countries behind the Iron Curtain. On 8 May 1956, Otto was recognized as an Austrian citizen by the provincial government of Lower Austria. Otto was commonly known in the U.S. as "Otto of Austria", and tried to keep his homeland and its neighbors in the minds of the American people by inaugurating a series of stamps (the Overrun Countries series) featuring the German-occupied nations of Europe. However, in 1919, after the end of the First World War, the monarchies were abolished, the republics of Austria and Hungary were founded in their place, and the family was forced into exile in Madeira. It was at Nancy , the former capital of the House of Vaudemont, that the former crown prince married Princess Regina of … Otto von Habsburg[2][3] (given names: Franz Joseph Otto Robert Maria Anton Karl Max Heinrich Sixtus Xaver Felix Renatus Ludwig Gaetan Pius Ignatius; 20 November 1912 – 4 July 2011),[4][5] was the last crown prince of Austria-Hungary from 1916 until the dissolution of the empire in April 1919. [54] He was a major supporter of the expansion of the European Union from the beginning and especially of the acceptance of Hungary, Slovenia and Croatia. [24] According to Gerald Warner, "Austrian Jews were among the strongest supporters of a Habsburg restoration, since they believed the dynasty would give the nation sufficient resolve to stand up to the Third Reich". Otto von Habsburg, Self: Torn from the Flag: A Film by Klaudia Kovacs. I prefer to profit by others experience.”, “Politics are not a science based on logic; they are the capacity of always choosing at each instant, in constantly changing situations, the least harmful, the most useful.”, “the main thing is to make history not to write it”, “The statesman's task is to hear God's footsteps marching through history, and to try and catch on to His coattails as He marches past. [33] Many of these imperial resistance fighters (- according to current estimates approx. [12] A noted intellectual, he published several books on historical and political affairs. I have done many evil things...I was the cause of the beginning of three big wars. supporters of Otto, were arrested by the Nazis and largely executed (Stefan Zweig's novella The Royal Game is based on these events). Nevertheless, Otto von Habsburg, the eldest grandson of Franz Ferdinand's younger brother, was universally regarded as the head of the house until his death in 2011. The member from Bavaria was Archduke Otto von Habsburg. Arbeitsgemeinschaft österreichischer Vereine – Wien, W. Hamburger 1937. [19] The family eventually relocated to the Basque town of Lekeitio, where forty Spanish grandees bought them a villa. He married Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen on 10 May 1951 at the Church of Saint-François-des-Cordeliers in Nancy, capital city of Lorraine. In later life, he would write some forty books in German, Hungarian, French and Spanish. Thanks to her iron will and intelligence, Zita became the definitive opinion leader in the family and the most important pillar of support for her husband, Emperor Karl I. He continued to enjoy considerable public support in Austria; from 1931 to 1938, 1,603 Austrian municipalities named Otto an honorary citizen. Jan 3, 2021 - Explore Red is Blue's board "Blessed Karl of Austria" on Pinterest. The Emperor received the Sacrament of the Sick and spoke his last words: “Thy Holy Will be done. [55], He was one of the men instrumental in organising the so-called Pan-European Picnic at the Hungary-Austria border on 19 August 1989. Meanwhile, the Austrian parliament had officially expelled the Habsburg dynasty and confiscated all the official property via the Habsburg Law of 3 April 1919. Otto von Bismarck - Otto von Bismarck - Imperial chancellor: It is important to note that the Germany Bismarck created was not the result of strong popular currents of nationalist sentiment but of cabinet diplomacy and war. Forced to live in exile with his family after 1918, Otto was active on the Austrian a… [27] The so-called "Habsburg Law", which had previously been repealed, was reintroduced by the Nazis. [20][29], After the German invasion of France in 1940, the family left the French capital and fled to Portugal with a visa issued by Aristides de Sousa Mendes, the Portuguese consul in Bordeaux. Until then, the United States felt itself secure, persuaded of its power to bombard any enemy, without anyone being able to strike back.
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