Lexical Semantics: Hyponyms & Hypernyms •Hyponym: word x is a hyponym of word y if the sets of referents of x is always in the set of referents of y •e.g. Inclusion: class B is wholly included in class A • III. e.g. structure in lexical forms LEONAKD TALMY This chapter addresses the systematic relations in language between meaning and surface expression.Our approachto this has severa1 aspects. Reiteration represents the repetition of a lexical item, or the occurrence of a synonym of some kind in the context of reference. (q) Rover is a dog. (The symbol Û indicates double entailment: the truth of [p] entails the truth of [q], and the truth of [q] entails the truth of [p].) (p) Rover is a collie, (q) Jack is a sailor. 4 Chapter 19. Lexical Semantics they have independenttruth conditions, different syntactic behavior, independentsense relations, or exhibit antagonistic meanings. Disjunction: class A and class B have no members in common A B A B A B •Part-whole relations between lexical items –finger is a meronym of hand, engine is a meronym of car. The whole is a holonym of the part. A book has a cover. First, we assume we can isolate elements scparately within the ... of surface elenient, as well as the same type … lexical semantics looks at relations between words in the lexicon structural semantics looks at relations between words in utterances pragmatics looks at how and why we use words Meaning is infinite it can be built up compositionally ... Two types of naming Cover is a meronym of book. –Meronymy, like hyponymy, defines a branching structure. The sentence frames 'X is part of Y' or 'Y has X' are used to describe meronymic relations. In Section 1, the general methods of lexical semantics are explored, with particular attention to how semantic features of verbs are associated with grammatical patterns. relations (a type of lexical relation that holds between two lexical items on a syntagmatic level, such as the relationship between dog bark, and thiefand an steald swim and water) have to be incorporated in a theor lexicay o structurel f . Types of paradigmatic lexical relations in terms of set-theoretical relations • I. Abstract. –Meronymy is not necessarily transitive: •A shirt has buttons, and a button has holes, but a shirt doesn’t necessarily have holes. This paper proposes a discussion about reiterations which are, alongside with collocations, lexical relations as cohesion patterns. Holonymy is the opposite PART-WHOLE relation. An Overview of Lexical Semantics Kent Johnson* University of California, Irvine Abstract This article reviews some linguistic and philosophical work in lexical semantics. Synonyms Hyponym and Superordinate (p) Jack is a seaman. Non-binary antonyms Binary antonyms (p) Luke is rich. Consider the following uses of the verb serve from the WSJ corpus: (19.7) They rarely serve red meat, preferring to … e.g. L114 Lexical Semantics Session 3: Lexical Relations and Taxonomies Simone Teufel MPhil in Advanced Computer Science Computer Laboratory Natural Language and Information Processing (NLIP) Group Simone.Teufel@cl.cam.ac.uk 2013/2014 Simone Teufel L114Lexical Semantics 1 the set of poodles is always in the set of dogs •Hypernym: the converse of hyponym •above, ‘dogs’ = hypernym, ‘poodles’ = hyponym Meronymy is a PART-WHOLE relation. Tree is a holonym of bark. Identity: class A and class B have the same members • II.
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