Gender pay gap fact #3 And the really bad Yemen, Syria and Iraq have the biggest pay gaps with women being paid less than 30% the level of men’s wages. The two occupations that saw an increase are professional occupations, and administrative and secretarial; each experienced a small percentage increase to the gender pay gap estimate that is below that recorded in 2018. It increases over the course of a woman’s work life and is widest for women ages 55–64. Gender Pay Gap reporting is a different legal requirement to carrying out an equal pay audit. Here we see that the gap is large in most OECD countries, but it has been going down in the last couple of decades. Unfortunately, Canada isn’t unique; a gender pay gap exists to some extent in every country in the world. Here, values below 100% mean that women earn less than men, while values above 100% mean than women earn more. It is also related to our articles exploring female labor force participation trends and determinants. 30+ Gender Pay Gap Statistics You Should Know. Our 2019 analysis explored the types of occupation in which men and women work, by age group. In particular, sometimes self-employed workers, or part-time workers are excluded. An even larger consideration is the cumulative impact of the gender wage gap on all women working full time in the United States. Discrimination, particularly around pregnancy and maternity leave, remains common, with 54,000 women forced … 1,500 firms are missing - but hundreds filed voluntarily. Animation by Golin. To answer this question, let’s consider this chart showing available estimates from the OECD. Similarly, it is possible to observe large pay gaps in the absences of discrimination in hiring practices – for example, if women get fair treatment but apply for lower-paid jobs. These estimates are not directly comparable to those from the ILO, because the pay gap is measured slightly differently here: The OECD estimates refer to percent differences in median earnings (i.e. The report presents a decidedly … Discussions about it would benefit greatly from a thorough review of the empirical evidence. The pay gap tends to be larger for women of color and in some cases the gap appears to be widening. UK labour market Bulletin | Monthly Estimates of employment, unemployment, economic inactivity and other employment-related statistics for the UK. But the gender pay gap affects everybody from architects to athletes. As noted since 2018, for age groups under 40 years the gender pay gap for full-time employees (which is a more homogenous basis than all employees for measuring differences in hourly pay) is now close to zero. In every region of England, it is higher than in each of Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Plus wage gaps by demographic and geography. Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone. Olivetti and Petrongolo (2008) show that this pattern holds in the data: unadjusted gender wage gaps across countries tend to be negatively correlated with gender employment gaps. This is different from the gender pay gap based on compulsory reporting for companies with 250 or more employees. The difference in pay, expressed in gender pay gap terms, is 16.7% for full-time employees. There is a general acceptance that the breadth of the gender pay gap is also a by-product of the increasingly commercial nature of sport, where media rights play a big part. All of our charts can be embedded in any site. It is a measure across all jobs in the UK, not of the difference in pay between men and women for doing the same job. In March, the Government Equalities Office (GEO) announced that it was suspending the deadline for the 2019/20 gender pay gap reporting due to the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on employers. An update from the Gender Pay Gap in Medicine Review shows that in the NHS, 2 in 3 consultants are men, and that men earn £1.17 for every £1 earned by women. The gender pay gap shows the difference in the average pay between all men and women in a workforce. There are four big causes of the gender pay gap: Discrimination: It’s illegal, but some women are still paid less than men for the same work. Like a domino effect, gender discrimination further leads to illiteracy and economic independence. In what can only be looked upon as a concerted effort to diminish the perception of the gender wage gap in the United States, a number of half-truths have emerged around the issue. The Standard Occupational Classification is a common classification of occupational information for the UK. The gender pay gap was higher in every English region than in each of Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Bailey Reiners. the gap here captures differences between men and women in the middle of the earnings distribution); and they cover only full-time employees and self-employed workers (i.e. For more information see our Equal pay page. This conclusion is supported by the pattern of change in the pay gap within occupation groups (Figure 4) and across earner deciles (Figure 6), both of which show a fall in the gap within higher-paid jobs as well as lower-paid. The United States Census Bureau defines the pay gap as the ratio between median wages – that is, they measure the gap by calculating the wages of men and women at the middle of the earnings distribution, and dividing them. Washington DC boasts the highest average salary for women at $75,750. One of these is women are paid less because they tend to take lower paying jobs. Based on this estimate, it would take an extra 39 days of work for women to earn what men did in 2018. An update from the Gender Pay Gap in Medicine Review shows that in the NHS, 2 in 3 consultants are men, and that men earn £1.17 for every £1 earned by women. This is … For the charts in this bulletin, the following notes apply: Employees are on adult rates, pay is unaffected by absence (in 2020 Employees are on adult rates, pay is unaffected by absence unless furloughed). However, the chart shows that the relationship is not really linear. It can even go as far as women representation in government. Olivetti, C., & Petrongolo, B. They are not formatted for printing. This is done across all their employees, not differentiated by full-time and part-time status. Further, of those employed in Quarter 1 and Quarter 2 2020 who switched occupation, 52.6% were men and 47.4% were women. If a workforce has a particularly high gender pay gap, this can indicate there may a number of issues to deal with, and the individual calculations may help to identify what those issues are. License: All the material produced by Our World in Data, including interactive visualizations and code, are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. On the contrary, when the gap is calculated after accounting for underlying differences in education, experience, etc., then the result is the ‘adjusted’ pay gap. Gender wage gap facts based on the research of US: There are some interesting facts to learn about various states of the US. Wyoming has the largest pay gap, with women earning 35% less than men overall. Enter your job in the interactive tool to find out. Gender pay gap explained: what the facts actually show Thousands of UK companies have for the first time disclosed their gender pay gap: the gap between what they pay […] A pile of money. Statistics in this bulletin (based on ASHE 2020) relate to the pay period that includes 22 April 2020, at which time approximately 8.8 million employees were furloughed under the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS); the estimates in this bulletin include furloughed employees and are based on actual payments made to the employee from company payrolls and the hours on which this pay was calculated, which in the case of furloughed employees are their usual hours. Updated: February 22, 2021. Over a 40-year career, the … By Harriet Phelps Published Feb 23, 2021 at 17:35 PM GMT. This is the latest release. A cross-country analysis of gender gaps. Values closer to 100% reflect a lower gap. Any subsequent impact on women’s and men’s pay is not reflected and additional data sources such as HM Revenue and Customs’s Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme statistics can provide some later insight to working patterns, prior to publication of the 2021 ASHE gender pay gap estimates. As a result, different groups of women experience very different gaps in pay. The unadjusted gender pay gap is defined as the difference between the average gross hourly earnings of men and women expressed as a percentage of the average gross hourly earnings of men. The achieved sample size on ASHE is approximately 180,000 each year. The gender pay gap is calculated as the difference between average hourly earnings (excluding overtime) of men and women as a proportion of men’s average hourly earnings (excluding overtime). One reason the gender wage gap has narrowed faster among younger women is that between 1980 and 2013, the median age of first birth rose from 22.6 to 26.0. Furloughed employee jobs received 80% of normal pay from the scheme, to a maximum £2,500 a month. Unequal pay or unequal employment? In Europe, the gender pay gap is the lowest in Romania, Slovenia, Belgium, Luxembourg, Poland, Italy and the highest in Estonia, Austria, UK, Czech Republic and Germany. It also addresses common questions about the data. Cross-country data on the gender pay gap is patchy, but the most complete source in terms of coverage is the United Nation’s International Labour Organization (ILO). There are four big causes of the gender pay gap: Discrimination: It’s illegal, but some women are still paid less than men for the same work. The wage gap results in significant losses in lifetime earnings for women. Among full-time employees the gender pay gap in April 2020 was 7.4%, down from 9.0% in April 2019. All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. The largest fall is among managers, directors and senior officials, from 16.3% to 9.9%, reflecting some signs of more women holding higher-paid managerial roles this year. Australia’s Gender Pay Gap Statistics February 2021 Factsheet Series Gender pay gap by industry 13.4% 0.6 pp. Share. The gender pay gap estimates presented here do not include overtime. Since 2017 any organisation that has 250 employees or more must publish and report specific figures about their gender pay gap. It’s a measure of inequality and captures a concept that is broader than the concept of equal pay for equal work. Full-time is defined as employees working more than 30 paid hours per week (or 25 or more hours for the teaching professions). Gender pay gap for agricultural, forestry and fishery in South Korea 2009-2019 Average monthly wages of movie directors and producers in Norway 2018-20120 by gender Gender pay gap in … Hide. The gender pay gap is calculated as the difference between average hourly earnings (excluding overtime) of men and women as a proportion of average hourly earnings (excluding overtime) of men’s earnings. Olivetti and Petrongolo (2008) explain it as follows: “if women who are employed tend to have relatively high‐wage characteristics, low female employment rates may become consistent with low gender wage gaps simply because low‐wage women would not feature in the observed wage distribution.”2. All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated, /employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/bulletins/genderpaygapintheuk/2020, Figure 1: The gender pay gap fell to 7.4% among full-time employees and 15.5% among all employees in 2020, Figure 2: Although the coronavirus (COVID-19) has had a substantial impact on labour market hours worked and pay, it appears to have had little impact on the gender pay gap in April 2020, Figure 3: The gender pay gap has fallen to almost zero among full-time employees aged under 40 years, Figure 4: The largest fall in the gender pay gap in 2020 is among managers, directors and senior officials, Figure 6: The difference in pay between the sexes is largest among higher earners, Figure 8: Government gender pay reporting applies only to larger companies, but the gender pay gap has declined for employees in both larger and smaller companies, employees changing occupation between Quarter 1 (Jan to Mar) and Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2020, Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme statistics, only 36% of the difference between men’s and women’s pay could be explained by the attributes modelled from ASHE, 250 staff or more to report their gender pay gap information, approximately 8.8 million employees were furloughed, ASHE Quality and Methodology Information report. In some cases the reduction is remarkable. Gender Pay Gap reporting is a different legal requirement to carrying out an equal pay audit. (You can read about discrimination and ‘equal pay for equal work’ in our post here). California: It is the state of the US, that has the lowest gender wage gap. Understanding the gender pay gap in the UK Article | Released 17 January 2018 This analysis builds on the raw gender pay gap, using regressions techniques to provide more insight into the factors that affect men's and women's pay. An important reason for the gender pay gap is the overrepresentation of women in relatively low paying sectors and underrepresentation in higher-paid sectors. The ‘gender pay gap’ comes up often in political debates, policy reports, and everyday news. We use this information to make the website work as well as possible and improve our services. Golden state women hardly make the difference of $0.88 every dollar that men earn. As gender gaps in attainment reduce, attention … Download the data. Analysis conducted by the ONS based on ASHE 2017 data concluded that only 36% of the difference between men’s and women’s pay could be explained by the attributes modelled from ASHE (with occupation being the highest, explaining 23% of the difference). Evidence from the ASHE and the Labour Force Survey (LFS) suggests that coronavirus (COVID-19) factors did not have a notable impact on the gender pay gap in 2020, and that changes reported in this bulletin reflect underlying employment patterns. The gender pay gap is both complicated and wildly controversial. We would like to use cookies to collect information about how you use ons.gov.uk. This is much higher than among median earners (7.5%) and the bottom 10% of earners (2.3%). Among all employees it fell to 15.5%, from 17.4% in 2019. Gender pay gap statistics for 2020 relate to the pay period that includes 22 April 2020 after lockdown had begun, but the ONS has concluded that the coronavirus pandemic did not have a notable impact on the gender pay gap in 2020. Our mean hourly pay gap is 8.0%; The mean pay gap has reduced from 9.6% since 2019 There was a fall in the gender pay gap within the managers, directors and senior officials occupation group in 2020; this group has previously been identified as having a notable impact on the pay gap. In addition, this year’s report examines gender gap prospects in the professions of the future. A slightly higher proportion of men than women were furloughed with reduced pay in April 2020, as indicated in Figure 2. The commuting gap: women are more likely than men to leave their job over a long commute Article | Released 4 September 2019 When deciding whether to leave their job, women are more likely than men to accept lower pay in favour of a shorter commute, contributing to the overall gender pay gap. Facts about Gender Pay Gap in Nigeria. In general, the pay gap grows over workers’ careers. Now in its 14th year, the Global Gender Gap Report 2020 benchmarks 153 countries on their progress towards gender parity in four dimensions: Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival and Political Empowerment. For example, on average in the EU in 2018, there were more male than female scientists and engineers - 59% compared to 41%. This article provides a brief overview of gender pay gap (GPG) statistics, including the unadjusted gender pay gap used to monitor imbalances in earnings between men and women. The gender pay gap is higher for all employees than for each of full-time employees and part-time employees. Download gender pay gap data These files are in a CSV (Comma Separated Values) format that can be read by any spreadsheet program or word processor. Known as The Gender Pay Gap Regulations, the legislation formed part of the Equality Act 2010 (Gender Pay Gap Information) Regulations 2017 and led the way globally in terms of pay transparency and mandatory reporting. Golden state women hardly make the difference of $0.88 every dollar that men earn. This happens in some countries, such as Malaysia.). However, from age group 40 to 49 years and older, the gender pay gap for full-time employees is over 10%. Women are generally considered to be paid less than men. Discrimination in hiring practices can exist in the absence of pay gaps – for example, if women know they will be treated unfairly and hence choose not to participate in the labor market. The strengths and limitations of the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) can be found in the Quality and Methodology Information report and the Guide to sources of data of earnings and income. Check out the most recent gender pay gap statistics and visualizations. For more information please read this guidance. Check out the most recent gender pay gap statistics and visualizations. ILO data shows similar trends for the period 2000-2015. the gender pay gaps tend to be smaller where relatively fewer women participate in the labor force. The gender pay gap (or the gender wage gap) is a metric that tells us the difference in pay (or wages, or income) between women and men. Gender pay gap Dataset | Released 3 November 2020 Annual gender pay gap estimates for UK employees by age, occupation, industry, full-time and part-time, region and other geographies, and public and private sector. Commentary on topics covered in the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) is split between three separate bulletins in 2020. The difference is the gender pay gap. Given the smaller sample size and potential skew to companies with stronger financial basis, the ONS investigated whether industry should be added to the weighting strata. Download gender pay gap data These files are in a CSV (Comma Separated Values) format that can be read by any spreadsheet program or word processor. So, rather than reflect greater equality, the lower wage gaps observed in some countries could indicate that only women with certain characteristics – for instance, with no husband or children – are entering the workforce. Actually, middle-income countries tend to have the smallest pay gap. Currently, Australia’s national gender pay gap is 13.4%.. At November 2020, women’s average weekly ordinary full-time earnings across all industries and occupations was $1,562.00 compared to men’s average weekly ordinary full-time earnings of $1,804.20.. Gender pay gap for median gross hourly earnings (excluding overtime) by work region, UK, April 1997 and 2020, full-time employees. More than 1,500 companies failed to report … The gender pay gap exists for every age group and widens over a woman’s lifetime. More information is provided in the Measuring the data section of this bulletin. The most extreme myth is that gender pay gap is a lie perpetuated by feminists who use statistics dishonestly to further their cause. Like a domino effect, gender discrimination further leads to illiteracy and economic independence. As we can see there is a weak positive correlation between GDP per capita and the gender pay gap. The gender pay gap varies substantially between regions. The gender pay gap is the result of many factors, including race and ethnicity, disability, access to education and age. In every region of England, it is higher than in each of Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Women hold only 33% of managerial positions in the EU. Guide to sources of data of earnings and income. This blog post benefitted greatly from research contributions provided by Sandra Tzvetkova. January 22, 2020. Compared to white, non-Hispanic men: Latinas make 55 cents on the dollar. 7 Facts About the Gender Pay Gap. You can change your cookie settings at any time. The gender pay gap is larger in the private sector, at £3.11 per hour over the period 1993-2014, than in the public sector where the gap is £2.38 per hour (adjusted for inflation). Key facts about the gender pay gap. The gender pay gap is a complex issue that will require robust and inclusive solutions. ’ at the bottom of the chart. In 2018, women earned 85% of what men earned, according to a Pew Research Center analysis of median hourly earnings of both full- and part-time workers in the United States. By Harriet Phelps Published Feb 23, 2021 at 17:35 PM GMT. January 22, 2020. A positive gender pay gap among full-time employees exists in each of the nine main occupation groups, but it has fallen since 2019 in all but two. by Esteban Ortiz-Ospina. Imagine you randomly picked 100 women who work in the UK and lined them up in order of … How does it change over time? The national gender pay gap over time This is broadly in line with the figures reported in the first half of 2019.”. This represents 48% of the total number of companies that disclosed in 2018. Differences in pay between men and women capture differences along many possible dimensions, including worker education, experience and occupation. What is the gender pay gap for your job? These estimates include OECD member states, as well as some other non-member countries, and they are the longest available series of cross-country data on the gender pay gap that we are aware of. Embed this interactive Copy. Part-time is defined as employees working less than or equal to 30 paid hours per week (or less than or equal to 25 hours for the teaching professions). Because motherhood is associated with a wage penalty and lower wage gains later in a woman’s career these delays in childbirth have helped narrow the pay gap. Full-time is defined as employees working more than 30 paid hours per week (or 25 or more hours for the teaching professions). The estimates shown here correspond to differences between average hourly earnings of men and women (expressed as a percentage of average hourly earnings of men), and cover all workers irrespective of whether they work full time or part time.1. Gender Representation within the UK Statistics Authority (March 2020) 56.0% of our workforce are women, this is an increase from 55.6% since 2019 37.9% of our Senior Civil Servants are women, this is an increase from 34.4% since 2019 UK Statistics Authority’s Gender Pay Gap 2020. The visualization here presents this data. As we can see: (i) in most countries the gap is positive – women earn less than men; and (ii) there are large differences in the size of this gap across countries. The gender pay gap exists for every age group and widens over a woman’s lifetime. 2020 marks 50 years since the Equal Pay Act, an act from the UK Parliament that prohibited employers from paying women less than men for the same job.Although gender pay inequality is illegal, the gender pay gap is still rife in the UK. This is because women fill more part-time jobs, which in comparison with full-time jobs have lower hourly median pay. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. In the case of Northern Ireland, in particular, the gender pay gap is impacted by a higher proportion of women working in the public sector where pay rates for some jobs are higher than in the private sector. The most extreme myth is that gender pay gap is a lie perpetuated by feminists who use statistics dishonestly to further their cause.
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